automake-1.16: General Operation
3.1 General Operation
=====================
Automake works by reading a ‘Makefile.am’ and generating a
‘Makefile.in’. Certain variables and rules defined in the ‘Makefile.am’
instruct Automake to generate more specialized code; for instance, a
‘bin_PROGRAMS’ variable definition will cause rules for compiling and
linking programs to be generated.
The variable definitions and rules in the ‘Makefile.am’ are copied
mostly verbatim into the generated file, with all variable definitions
preceding all rules. This allows you to add almost arbitrary code into
the generated ‘Makefile.in’. For instance, the Automake distribution
includes a non-standard rule for the ‘git-dist’ target, which the
Automake maintainer uses to make distributions from the source control
system.
Note that most GNU Make extensions are not recognized by Automake.
Using such extensions in a ‘Makefile.am’ will lead to errors or
confusing behavior.
A special exception is that the GNU Make append operator, ‘+=’, is
supported. This operator appends its right hand argument to the
variable specified on the left. Automake will translate the operator
into an ordinary ‘=’ operator; ‘+=’ will thus work with any make
program.
Automake tries to keep comments grouped with any adjoining rules or
variable definitions.
Generally, Automake is not particularly smart in the parsing of
unusual Makefile constructs, so you’re advised to avoid fancy constructs
or “creative” use of whitespace. For example, <TAB> characters cannot
be used between a target name and the following “‘:’” character, and
variable assignments shouldn’t be indented with <TAB> characters. Also,
using more complex macros in target names can cause trouble:
% cat Makefile.am
$(FOO:=x): bar
% automake
Makefile.am:1: bad characters in variable name '$(FOO'
Makefile.am:1: ':='-style assignments are not portable
A rule defined in ‘Makefile.am’ generally overrides any such rule of
a similar name that would be automatically generated by ‘automake’.
Although this is a supported feature, it is generally best to avoid
making use of it, as sometimes the generated rules are very particular.
Similarly, a variable defined in ‘Makefile.am’ or ‘AC_SUBST’ed from
‘configure.ac’ will override any definition of the variable that
‘automake’ would ordinarily create. This feature is often more useful
than the ability to override a rule. Be warned that many of the
variables generated by ‘automake’ are considered to be for internal use
only, and their names might change in future releases.
When examining a variable definition, Automake will recursively
examine variables referenced in the definition. For example, if
Automake is looking at the content of ‘foo_SOURCES’ in this snippet
xs = a.c b.c
foo_SOURCES = c.c $(xs)
it would use the files ‘a.c’, ‘b.c’, and ‘c.c’ as the contents of
‘foo_SOURCES’.
Automake also allows a form of comment that is _not_ copied into the
output; all lines beginning with ‘##’ (leading spaces allowed) are
completely ignored by Automake.
It is customary to make the first line of ‘Makefile.am’ read:
## Process this file with automake to produce Makefile.in
Info Catalog
automake-1.16: Generalities
automake-1.16: Strictness